Masonry and Brickwork
GENERAL PROVISIONS
These instructions give directions for laying masonry/brickwork using appropriate building
mortars.
DOCUMENTATION...
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GENERAL PROVISIONS
These instructions give directions for laying masonry/brickwork using appropriate building
mortars.
DOCUMENTATION TO BE SUBMITTED
The following documentation shall be submitted to the Engineer:
- Technical data sheets for products
- Mixing formulae, depending on environmental conditions and additives
- Manufacturers' instructions for working with products
- Manufacturers' certificates indicating that specifications have been complied with
- List of requirements that are to be specially observed (see also information in 'Quality
assurance' section).
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Building mortar and bricks delivered must be checked for compliance with the original
order.
Materials must be stored in a dry place. Storage temperature shall not be lower than 10 C.
In all other matters the manufacturer's recommendations for storing the materials must be
observed.
Care must be taken that the use-by dates on building mortar are observed. The
manufacturer's information must be taken into account.
The following building mortars may not be used:
- old mortar
- excessively dry mortar, or mortar that has hardened
- hardened mortar which has been "re-thinned"
- mixed mortars of various ages
- mortar which has been thawed out after freezing.
While work is in progress, laboratory tests must be carried out on building bricks for their
load-bearing capacity if more than 80% of the load-bearing capacity of the structure is
being used.
The following rules shall be observed when testing building mortars:
Tests for ease of laying and consistency of mortar shall be carried out 3 times per
shift. Here, depending on the purpose for which the mortar is being used, it shall be
necessary to guarantee that the mortar has the following consistency values
(slumping of standard cone):
- for laying walls using large blocks and slabs, and for embedding seams in
such walls - 5-7 cm;
- for normal work made from hollow bricks and ceramic stone - 7-8 cm;
- for work made from normal bricks, concrete stones and stones made from light
concrete - 9-13 cm;
- during transport of mortar - 14 cm.
For work made of natural stone, consistency of mortar shall be 4-6 cm, while for
filling in cavities it shall be 13-14 cm.
The strength of building mortar when compressed must be checked before starting
work and during work. When mortar is being made at a central location, these
checks shall comprise:
monitoring of the mixing plant, and, at the building site itself:
monitoring of quality certificates for the mortar.
The strength of mortar depending on time and temperature of setting must be
checked when testing for strength under compression in accordance with the
agreed international standards.
Further technical requirements and types of test for assuring quality when laying
masonry and brickwork:
In accordance with the agreed international standards, the Contractor shall impose
the following directions which shall guide the construction laboratory when
performing quality control:
- Quality control instructions for materials to be used, their type, strength class,
and density limits (for items made of light concrete);
- Grades of building mortar (taking account of outside air temperature), and
grades for use when installing supports and elements between them and also
for use in reinforced masonry/brickwork;
- Requirements for reinforced masonry/brickwork; type of reinforcement, grade,
class and positioning;
- Instructions for systematic laboratory monitoring of the strength of bricks and
mortar as used on a structure, if required (where more than 80% of the loadbearing
capacity of the structure is being used).
Fresh building mortar being delivered to the site shall be accepted on the basis of a
technical data sheet or extracts from one.
MATERIALS
Building mortar and bricks to be laid shall be chosen in accordance with the agreed
international standards in accordance with the type of use and the requirements of the
plan.
EXECUTION OF WORK
Mortar shall only be prepared in the amounts that are needed for immediate use.
Masonry/brickwork shall be made with bonding with filled-in joins.
During work, freshly laid masonry/brickwork shall be secured against harm.
Surplus building mortar must be removed.
Grooves and openings shall be cut using suitable tools. Positions and sizes shall be as
required by other work that is to be done.
Masonry/brickwork must be separated from other components of the structure by using
seams.
All measures to prevent cracking are the responsibility of the Contractor.
Joints between concrete parts and masonry/brickwork shall be tight and clean.
Small openings and toothing, if made subsequently, may only be made by drilling or
milling.
Installation of a prescribed horizontal damp-proof layer shall be compulsory.
When laying bricks/stones for pointing, a template shall be used.
Damaged or wrongly sized stones may not be laid.
Stone segments for laying shall not be broken off from whole stones, but sawn off.
Sona 2/09/2019 Admin Bandung Indonesia
GENERAL PROVISIONS
This section of standards and regulations concerns the handling, loading, transporting,
backfilling, and compacting of earth. In addition, this section applies to the construction of
buildings and structures and to the carrying out of earthworks for infrastructure elements,
such as: cable trenches, drainage, all types of embankments etc. When earth is being
excavated, these standards and regulations apply as far as the upper edge of the slope
regardless of distance from structure. These standards and regulations also apply to pilesupported
foundations and to earthworks for road building, and also to works in conditions
where there is subsoil or underground water.
NORMS AND REGULATIONS
Unless otherwise specified, the quality of materials, equipment and workmanship shall
comply with accepted international standards agreed with the Engineer.
SITE PREPARATION
All laying-out and measuring, both for Engineering preparation of the site and for all
structures, shall be carried out by the Contractor after studying documents describing any
investigations carried out. It is possible when carrying out work that difficulties, or
underground structures for which there is no documentation, may be encountered. The
Contractor's attention is drawn to the fact that he is required to notify the Engineer
immediately in writing of difficulties of this nature. The Contractor bears sole responsibility
for evaluating information provided and for estimating amounts of work to be done. If
necessary he shall carry out additional investigations with the aim of obtaining a clear
picture of the situation at the building site.
The contractor shall clear the site of all vegetation, rubbish, debris and other unsuitable
materials. The contractor shall dispose of all materials in a controlled manner off-site to a
location approved by relevant authorities.
The contractor shall check with the relevant authorities to determine what services are at
present on the site. The contractor shall locate and effectively seal of drain ends. When
necessary, contractor shall divert services still in use and provide all temporary works
necessary to maintain such services in full functional order. He shall reinstate such
services to the approval of the relevant authorities at the earliest opportunity and comply
with regulations and obtain necessary permits.
RESULTS TO BE PROVIDED
If it is necessary to carry out engineering investigations, the Engineer shall be provided
with:
Quality control results for earthworks carried out
Records of laboratory testing of earth
A list of materials and devices to be used
Additional samples of material for subsequent quality control
A report on geological engineering investigations.
BACK FILL FOR PIPING
Prior to installation of pipes, a base layer of approved sand shall be constructed to a
thickness of 10cm. The base layer shall be properly compacted by means of hand tamper
or soil compactor and provided with a suitable depression for pipe rest.
After the pipe is tested and accepted by the Engineer, backfilling with the sand shall be
carried out to cover the pipe by not less than 15cm. The remaining space up to the grade
may be backfilled with the ordinary soil as specified hereinbefore.
The sand shall not contain stones larger than 9mm diameter.
Care shall be taken in compacting the backfilled material not to damage the pipe by
excessive or concentrated compaction work.
RUBBLE FOUNDATION
For concrete structures of building, equipment foundations, tanks or the like, a rubble
foundation course shall be constructed on the excavated or embanked ground as shown
on the Drawings or where directed by the Engineer.
The rubble foundation shall be made of approved rubble or crushed stone having a
nominal size of larger than 65mm to a total thickness of 10cm or 15cm. The rubble or
crushed stone shall be well compacted with jumping rammer, vibrating soil compactor or
roller depending on the place to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Top faces of the
foundation shall be filled up with gravel or crusher-run of suitable size and made smooth
while compaction work proceeds.
Sona 2/09/2019 Admin Bandung Indonesia
Standard construction specifications for earthwork
GENERAL PROVISIONS
This section of standards and regulations concerns the handling, loading, transporting,
backfilling,...
