The columns in a structure carry the loads from the beams and slabs down to the foundations, and therefore they are primarily compression members, although they may also have to resist bending forces due to the continuity of the structure. The analysis of a section subjected to an axial load plus bending is dealt with in chapter 4, where it is noted that a direct solution of the equations which determine the areas of reinforcement can be very laborious and impractical. Therefore, design charts or some form of electronic computer are often employed to facilitate the routine design of column sections.
A column is a very important component in a structure. It is like the legs on which a structure stands. It is designed to resist axial and lateral forces and transfer them safely to the footings in the ground.
Columns support floors in a structure. Slabs and beams transfer the stresses to the columns. So, it is important to design strong columns.
A column is defined as a compression member, the effective length of which exceeds three times the least lateral dimension. Compression members whose lengths do not exceed three times the least lateral dimension, may be made of plain concrete.
A column may be classified based on different criteria such as:
1. Based on shape
- Rectangle
- Square
- Circular
- Polygon
2. Based on slenderness ratio
The ratio of the effective length of a column to the least radius of gyration of its cross section is called the slenderness ratio.
- Short RCC column, =< 10
- Long RCC column, > 10
- Short Steel column, =<50
- Intermediate Steel column >50 & <200
- Long Steel column >200
3. Based on type of loading
- Axially loaded column
- A column subjected to axial load and unaxial bending
- A column subjected to axial load and biaxial bending
4. Based on pattern of lateral reinforcement
- Tied RCC columns
- Spiral RCC columns
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