Reinforced concrete foundations, or footings, transmit loads from a structure to the supporting soil.
Footings are designed based on the nature of the loading, the properties of the footing and the
properties of the soil.
Design of a footing typically consists of the following steps:
1. Determine the requirements for the footing, including the loading and the nature of the supported
structure.
2. Select options for the footing and determine the necessary soils parameters. This step is often
completed by consulting with a Geotechnical Engineer.
3. The geometry of the foundation is selected so that any minimum requirements based on soils
parameters are met. Following are typical requirements:
• The calculated bearing pressures need to be less than the allowable bearing pressures. Bearing
pressures are the pressures that the footing exerts on the supporting soil. Bearing pressures are
measured in units of force per unit area, such as pounds per square foot.
• The calculated settlement of the footing, due to applied loads, needs to be less than the
allowable settlement.
• The footing needs to have sufficient capacity to resist sliding caused by any horizontal loads.
• The footing needs to be sufficiently stable to resist overturning loads. Overturning loads are
commonly caused by horizontal loads applied above the base of the footing.
• Local conditions.
• Building code requirements.
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